Wednesday, January 22, 2014

Rwanda: Live by the Sword, Die by the Sword

The White House Peace Vigil
By Frank Samvura
Gicumbi District
Northern Province
Rwanda
21st January 2014

The Gospel of Saint Matthew, Chapter 26, Verse 52, says “Put your sword back in its place”, Jesus said to him, “for all who draw the sword will die by the sword” (New International Version).

Let’s go back and look carefully at the circumstances that led Jesus to instruct Peter to put his sword back in its place (“subiza inkota mu rwubati”). Jesus had just been arrested by a group, which was armed with swords and clubs, sent by the chief priests. The time to suffer his passion had come. One of his disciples, Peter, did what a good bodyguard would do. He tried to defend his Master, Jesus Christ, and struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his ear. But Jesus told Peter that instead of fighting, he should stop and let God’s will be done according to what has been written by the prophets. Jesus had the power to destroy the enemy. But he chose not to. He let it happen and was crucified to fulfil the Scriptures.

Paul Kagame, the current ruler of Rwanda, has the power to save the lives of the people of Rwanda. Instead, he uses his power and authority to hunt them down, one by one. He recently confessed in public to the killing of Patrick Karegeya, his once close confidant (inshuti magara). He killed the man who would have taken care of his family the day he will no longer be on this planet. This is a very bad thing in the Rwandan culture “yatatiye igihango or yarahemutse”.

The “prophet” Léon Mugesera is in jail today for predicting things that ended up occurring. He had no control over the events that followed his speech in Kabaya in 1992 and was not even there when it happened. But he said that Tutsis would be sent back to Abyssinia via the Nyabarongo River. Indeed, hundreds of corpses were seen floating down the Kagera River for nearly six months after April 6, 1994. Unlike Léon Mugesera, Paul Kagame controls events that follow his clumsy and wicked utterances. If Léon Mugesera could be arrested in Canada and be extradited to Rwanda to face genocide charges that he did not commit but only predicted, why would Paul Kagame be still at large after confessing to the killing of innocent people?

At the Amahoro Stadium, Paul Kagame said that French troops prevented him from killing the people who fled to Congo (“batumye ntabatura umujinya”). He promised to “grind” those who flee his regime “kubaskya”. That’s exactly what he did when he sent his goons to Nairobi to assassinate Seth Sendashonga, Augustin Bugirimfura and Colonel Théoneste Lizinde. He planned and ordered the shooting down of President Habyarimana’s plane, an event that precipitated the genocide in 1994. Believe it or not, if President Habyarimana and his Burundian counterpart and their high ranking advisors had not perished on that fateful night of April 6, 1994, the genocide and massacres that followed would not have happened. Prosecuting the perpetrators of the genocide without looking closely into the single incident that sparkled it is meaningless. This event will continue to haunt the people of Rwanda for several decades, unless the case is carefully investigated and properly closed.
 
Like Léon Mugesera, another Rwandan “prophet”, Rwanda’s Minister of Defence, General James Kabarebe, recently said that When you choose to be a dog, you die like a dog, and the cleaners will wipe away the trash so that it does not stink for them. He was not only referring to what happened to Col. Patrick Karegeya in South Africa but also he was predicting what may happen to his boss.

Paul Kagame is cornered. He has no way out. His options are dwindling day after day. He lives by sword. He has no wisdom to follow the teaching of the Great Book and put his sword back in its place. And yet, he is a regular attendee of the so-called Prayer Breakfasts. There is only one possible outcome remaining. As Jesus Christ said “all who draw the sword will die by the sword”.

Amen.

Sunday, January 19, 2014

Les Fdlr courtisées : fin d'une époque ?

Par Cécil Kami
DHR
Le 18 Janvier 2014

A quoi pensait le président rwandais lorsqu'en présentant ses vœux pour l'année 2014, il annonçait que cette dernière sera difficile pour ses concitoyens ? Au nombre de ceux qui seront, conformément à ses injonctions, éliminés (étranglés?) comme l'a été son ancien camarade puis opposant, le colonel Patrick Karegeya ? A l'attitude qu'adopteront, comme les États-Unis, les pays qui désapprouveront ce gangstérisme d'état ? Certes. Comme la plupart d'assassins, l'homme est un fin calculateur et sachant ses techniciens à la trousse de son ancien espion, le maître de Kigali ne pouvait ne pas anticiper les réactions internationales à ses forfaits. Ce qu'il n'a peut-être pas vu venir est cette recherche assidue de rapprochement entre opposants à son régime. Plus, qui pouvait imaginer que le cordon sanitaire qu'il avait su imposer autour des Forces démocratiques pour la libération du Rwanda allait se briser avec autant de facilité ? D'abord les socialistes de maître B. Ntaganda et les « concasseurs » (Urukatsa) de P. Bamara, ensuite – surprise de l'année – le Rwandan Dream Initiative de l'ex-premier F. Twagiramungu, tous ont rendu public leur rapprochement avec ces rebelles qui ont justifié les aventures congolaises de Kagame. Est-ce la fin d'une époque ?

 
En attendant de voir l'évolution de cette collaboration, il est d'ores et déjà clair que tout l'argumentaire idéologique de Kagame est en train d'être impitoyablement détricoté. Pendant 20 ans, il a malhonnêtement et habilement ostracisé des Rwandais comme lui qu'il n'arrive pas à mettre au pas. Malhonnêtement, car sa propagande a toujours omis de mentionner qu'un des fondateurs des Fdlr, le général Paul Rwarakabije, siège actuellement au gouvernement en tant que ministre « des prisons ». Habilement, car la puissance (militaire) du régime lui vient du soutien inconditionnel qu'il a reçu pour, entre autre raison, prévenir une hypothétique et irréaliste attaque des rebelles du Fdlr. La Monusco qui avait déjà toutes les peines du monde à régler le problème de cette rébellion devra maintenant tenir compte des voix de ces nouveaux partenaires que viennent d'avoir ceux qu'on appelle les « Hutu des forets ». Pendant tout le temps qu'on a dit que Kagame instrumentalisait la présence des Fdlr au Congo, son ex-premier ministre vient de démonter cet ostracisme et poser courageusement le problème de la fréquentabilité politique de ce mouvement composé majoritairement, il n'y a plus de doute, par des jeunes qui n'ont absolument rien à voir avec le fonds de commerce de Kagame, le génocide rwandais.

 
Lorsque le président tanzanien Jakaya M. Kikwete prodigue à Kagame le conseil de dialoguer avec son opposition armée, le rwandais s'irrite au plus haut point et promet même de « cogner » son homologue. En attendant, il verrouille totalement le débat démocratique en doublant la peine des leaders de l'opposition lorsqu'il ne les tue tout simplement pas ou ne leur refuse de visa pour rentrer. C'est cette intransigeante et orgueilleuse cécité politique qui finira par radicaliser bien de ses compatriotes qui, jusqu'ici, observaient pourtant une certaine distance vis-à-vis des Fdlr. La formation du quatuor Fdlr - Ps Imberakuri - Rdi Rwanda Rwiza - Urukatsa vient donc de porter le problème rwandais à un tout autre niveau et le fait que Faustin Rukokoma s'y investisse préfigure déjà bien de rebondissements intéressants: n'était-il pas (encore) aux affaires lorsque Kagame se préparait à rendre orphelins les jeunes qui forment l'ossature des Fdlr ? Bien déterminé, il a annoncé la couleur sur une radio internationale en déclarant qu'il « est temps de mettre fin au chantage de Kigali, notamment du président Kagame, qui essaie chaque fois d’instrumentaliser le génocide, pour qualifier tout le monde de génocidaire ». Avant cette sortie, il avait assuré qu'il rentrerait au Rwanda par tous les moyens à sa disposition ; est-ce le but inavoué de cette alliance ?
 
Ailleurs dans l'opposition, les positions ne sont plus figées car la diabolisation des Fdlr n'est plus d'actualité et tout indique que cette cour faite à ces derniers n'est pas prête de s'arrêter. Le Congrès national rwandais soutient qu'il s'agit là d'une organisation faite des Rwandais et que la considération de leurs requêtes ne saurait être sempiternellement renvoyée aux calendes grecques. Le parti de Victoire Ingabire ne s'est pas encore prononcé, mais étant en plate-forme avec le Rnc, l'on est en droit d'imaginer qu'il ne saurait se tenir à l'écart d'une démarche visant à renforcer la posture de l'opposition à la dictature de Kagame. Sera-ce assez pour faire basculer l'opinion et le regard que portent par exemple les Nations Unies sur les Fdlr ? L'histoire est pleine d'exemples d'autres organisations qu'à un moment donné l'on a qualifié de « terroristes » pour se retrouver, du jour au lendemain, dans le camp des mouvements dits de libération ou des combattants de la liberté. Les cas illustres de l'Anc de feu Nelson Mandela et de l'Irgoun (ancêtre du Likoud israélien) rappellent que la cause des opposants armés au régime afande n'est pas tout à fait perdue.

 
Reste que cette recomposition du paysage politique risque très vite de se transformer en une partie du quitte ou double. La couleur est d'ailleurs toute annoncée par les officiels du régime qui, sans trop tarder, ont repassé le disque du Fdlr « diabolique » avec lequel « aucune négociation ne sera tenue ». Jusque-là conforté par les consternantes divisions de ses opposants, la machine Kagame sortira certainement les grands moyens et compte tenu du discours présidentiel qui a suivi le décès du colonel Karegeya, cela risque de faire énormément mal. Et ce n'est qu'un euphémisme. Sendashonga n'avait-il pas été assassiné car il envisageait sérieusement de s'allier à une force armée pour « dégager » Kagame ? En travaillant ouvertement avec l'organisation du général Victor Byiringiro, les partis d'oppositions doivent ainsi s'attendre à une attitude extraordinairement hostile de la part du gouvernement Kagame. Non seulement des vies seront mises en danger, mais les responsables politiques doivent avoir une stratégie claire, novatrice et efficace pour capitaliser en cas de bavures qui ne manqueront pas d'accompagner la réaction gouvernementale.
 
Malgré les talents d'espion qu'avait Kagame, malgré le charisme de Rwigema et malgré la bravoure des stratèges Kayitare, Waswa, Muvunanyambo etc. les militaires Inkotanyi ont eu besoin d'une structure politique pour gérer leur invasion du Rwanda. C'est peut-être ce qui manquait aux rebelles « hutu » et sûrement un rôle éminent que s'apprêtent à jouer tous ceux qui signent aujourd'hui avec les Fdlr. Dès lors s'impose cette question : pourquoi maintenant alors qu'avec la publication du fameux mapping report le Fpr se trouvait embourbé dans une décrédibilisation qui n'a pas arrêté de le fragiliser ? Il est vrai qu'après la mort du M23, les choses changent et il se dégage une nette impression de panique au sein de l'oligarchie afande. Une étude sur le Rwanda commandée par l'Africom (Rwanda, Assessing Risk To Stability) a même signalé que the government's absolute suppression of dissent ultimately adds to its own fragility. Alors, 2014 sera-t-elle l'année « difficile » qui aura raison des peines que s'auto-inflige l'opposition de par son éparpillement ? Est-on en train d'assister à la fin d'une époque ? Celle de la force conférée à Kagame par ses multiples mensonges ? « Ce qui d'abord est gloire à la fin est fardeau », écrivait Victor Hugo dans La Légende des siècles.

Le Rwanda s’essouffle-t-il ?

Kigali, la capitale du Rwanda. © JA
Par Jeune Afrique
15 janvier 2014

 
Le PIB du Rwanda a crû de 3,9% au troisième trimestre 2013, soit la performance la plus faible enregistrée depuis 2009. Signe d'essoufflement ou conséquence attendue des réformes économiques engagées ?

L'économie rwandaise n'a crû (que) de 3,9% au troisième semestre 2013. C'est la plus mauvaise performance trimestrielle du pays depuis 2009. Après des années fastes, symbolisées par un important décollage économique avec un taux de croissance annuel moyen de 7,6% entre 2008 et 2012, le léger ralentissement observé devrait-il inquiéter ? Pas si l'on en croit le Fonds monétaire international qui table sur une croissance annuelle de 6,6% en 2013 et de 7,5% en 2014.
 
Explications
 
Au premier rang des raisons invoquées pour la plus faible croissance expérimentée durant l'année écoulée figure le resserrement de la politique fiscale de Kigali au cours du premier semestre 2013. Adoptée principalement en raison de la suspension de l'aide accordée par les donateurs internationaux (40 % du budget national), cette frugalité budgétaire a été essentiellement maintenue après la reprise des aides.
 
La modération budgétaire et la quête d'une nouvelle émancipation face aux aides financières internationales, quoique douloureuses à court terme, oeuvreraient dans le sens d'une croissance plus équilibrée et plus forte à moyen terme, expliquait à Jeune Afrique Claver Gatete, ministre rwandais des Finances et de la Planification.
 
Signes de faiblesse
 
Pourtant, cet essoufflement est aussi dû à une diminution de la production agricole (1/3 tiers du PIB du pays) ainsi que d’une contre-performance du secteur des services (près de la moitié de la valeur ajoutée). Il intervient par ailleurs dans un contexte de forte dépréciation de la devise rwandaise. Aussi, selon les estimations de la Banque mondiale, le déficit des comptes courants du Rwanda devrait s'aggraver au cours des prochaines années. D'une moyenne de -6 % du PIB entre 2000 et 2009, il devrait atteindre -8,2 % en 2014 et -8,5% en 2015.
 
Si les signes d'un ralentissement durable sont rares, la baisse de régime de 2013 met en évidence les fragilités de cette économie. C'est en creux le diagnostic porté par le FMI. Selon les recommandations de cette institution, le Rwanda, qui ambitionne d’être un pays à revenu intermédiaire à l’horizon de 2020, doit dorénavant trouver des leviers pour renforcer ses sources de revenu fiscal afin de financer son développement. Le recours aux marchés financiers internationaux - qui a vu les émissions obligataires du pays sursouscrites plus de 8 fois - n'est pas forcément sans risques.
 
 
Lire aussi :
Claver Gatete : "Le Rwanda est un pays crédible"
Économie africaine : ce qu'il faut retenir de 2013Sommet de Kigali : le Rwanda, l'Ouganda et le Kenya se rapprochent

US on the Murder of Patrick Karegeya in South Africa

Jen Psaki, Spokesperson, US State Dept.
AFP Photo/Paul J. Richards
By Jen Psaki
Spokesperson

US State Dept.
Washington, DC
January 16, 2014

RWANDA
Murder of Patrick Karegeya in South Africa
Troubled by Murders of Prominent Rwandan Exiles
Sanctions / M23
 
QUESTION: Jen, can I move to Rwanda, please?

MS. PSAKI: Sure.

QUESTION: I wanted to ask about the murder of the Rwandan former spy chief. His name is Patrick Karegeya. I’m not exactly sure how you pronounce his name.

MS. PSAKI: I think that’s right.

QUESTION: He was found dead in his hotel room in Johannesburg on New Year’s Day. Are you aware of the case?

MS. PSAKI: Mm-hmm.

QUESTION: Do you have any more information? And what is the U.S. comment on it?

MS. PSAKI: Well, we condemn – we are aware of the case. We condemn the murder of former Rwandan Government official Colonel Patrick Karegeya in South Africa, where he lived in exile. We welcome the South African Government’s prompt and thorough investigation into his death and await the outcome of that investigation. We also welcome their statement pledging – from January 9th, so just last week – to leave no stone unturned in bringing to justice those involved in this criminal act.

And let me also say we are troubled by the succession of what appear to be politically motivated murders of prominent Rwandan exiles. President Kagame’s recent statements about “consequences” for those who betray Rwanda are of deep concern to us.

QUESTION: Are you in touch with the Rwandan authorities about this? Have you spoken to them directly about your concerns?

MS. PSAKI: Let me check on that. I know, obviously, we regularly voice our concerns, but let me see if there is anything specific on how we’ve done that.

QUESTION: And where are you with the sanctions that were put in place over the M23 children soldier recruits issue?

MS. PSAKI: I don’t have anything new to report to you on any changes to that.

QUESTION: They’re still – they remain in place, do they?

MS. PSAKI: Mm-hmm.

QUESTION: Okay.

MS. PSAKI: Yeah. But I can check with our team and see if anything has changed.

QUESTION: How would you review them? How would you go about reviewing whether to lift them or not?

MS. PSAKI: Well, there’s always an internal review when we put sanctions in place or when we take them back, and there’s a range of factors, depending on the country. Typically, we don’t outline those publicly, but I can see if there’s anything specific to update you all on on that piece.

QUESTION: Thank you.

Related Stories:
 

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

The strangulation of Patrick Karegeya or the tipping point in the fight against the Kagame regime



Colonel Patrick Karegeya
By Frank Samvura
Gicumbi District
Northern Province
Rwanda

14th January 2014

A few years ago, a young English-Canadian journalist named Malcolm Gladwell wrote a book called “The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (2000)”. He defined The Tipping Point as that dramatic moment when little causes drive the unexpected to become expected and propel the idea of radical change to certain acceptance. Could the assassination of Colonel Patrick Karegeya be the dramatic moment the people of Rwanda have been waiting for?

For nearly two decades, the motto of the Kagame-led regime in Kigali has been very clear; “you are either with us or against us. And if you are against us, you must face consequences. You die like a dog”. These words were said by at least three Rwandan cabinet ministers during the past two weeks. Last Sunday 12th January 2014, President Kagame self-confessed of the killing of Colonel Patrick Karegeya on New Year eve in Johannesburg, South Africa. He said that those who undermine his country "usually face serious consequences, wherever they are".  

The King is naked. General Kagame has finally shown his true colours. The firefighter arson who drew sympathy and legitimacy from “stopping” the genocide and from the collective guilt of the international community has turned out to be a bloodthirsty tyrant. The killing of Colonel Patrick Karegaya that followed three assassination attempts on the life of General Faustin Kayumba Nyamwasa is unique. For over twenty years, most of the political assassinations inside and outside Rwanda targeted the leaders of the downtrodden ethnic group. The chickens have now come home to roost. It is the turn of those who supported Paul Kagame’s rise to power to be eliminated; unless the magic moment saves the day.

Gladwell calls in his book a tipping point as "the moment of critical mass, the threshold, the boiling point". The Rwandan political opposition has reached the boiling point or the threshold. Opposition groups must unite for their own survival and remain divided for their own peril. The assassination of Colonel Patrick Karegeya is what Gladwell would call a “stickiness factor” or a “catalyst”.  Rwandan political parties must build a cross-ethnic movement geared towards removing Paul Kagame from power. The international community would have no choice but to support this new unified movement.
As Jennifer G. Cooke of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC recently put it “Cumulative evidence of egregious human rights abuses or further allegations of planned political assassinations could drive a major rethinking among donors”. Kagame’s strongest supporters such as Bill Clinton, Tony Blair or Rick Warren have never believed in the stories of pro-democracy activities. They now see a pattern of intolerance that includes numerous political assassinations, closing down of newspapers and arrest of critics.  Ms. Victoire Ingabire’s sentencing to fifteen years in prison is Kigame’s desperate and pervasive move to cling on to power. Unfortunately, his remaining days on the throne of Rwanda are numbered. Celebrations which have already started in Goma are around the corner.

Related stories:
Rwanda: Karegeya's assassination may speed up political change




 

Monday, January 13, 2014

Rwanda : Ikiganiro Ministre Louise Mushikiwabo yagiranye n’abanyamakuru ku rupfu rwa Patrick Karegeya

Kigali, tariki ya 6 Mutarama 2014
Kanda hano wumve amagambo ya Louise Mushikiwabo
(Kuva ku munota wa 6:45 kugeza ku munota wa 22: 55)
 
Umunyamakuru : Minister, ubwo twese twamenye inkuru y’uko umugabo witwa Karegeya wigeze gukorera Leta y’u Rwanda, yari amaze n’igihe ari impunzi muri Afurika y’epfo ko yishwe kuri Bonne année nk’uko tubyumva, ahantu muri hotel Sandton. Kugeza ubungubu abagize icyo babivugaho ibyo ari byo byose barareba, bavuga u Rwanda ko rushobora kuba rufitemo uruhare. Kugeza ubungubu u Rwanda ntiruragira icyo rusubiza kuri ibyongibyo. Mwebwe turi kumwe ubungubu mwatubwira uko u Rwanda rubibona kandi uwo muntu Karegeya ahari ni ukwibutsa ni umuntu ki ? Ni ku zihe mpamvu se umuntu yaje kuba impunzi kandi yarakoreraga Leta ?
 
Ministre : Ni byo, ayo makuru y’iyicwa rya Patrick Karegeya wari warahungiye muri Afurika y’epfo natwe twarayumvise turayakurikira ; mu itangazamakuru hamaze iminsi bayavugaho. Icya mbere nifuza gusobanura ni uko uyu mugabo, sinzi niba abantu benshi baragiye babikurikira kuko we ku giti cye yagiye abivuga cyane mu itangazamakuru, mu maradiyo mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ahandi. Uyu mugabo ni umuntu mu by’ukuri wigeze gukorera u Rwanda mu kazi k’iperereza, akuriye ibiro bikuru bishinzwe iperereza, aza guhunga igihugu ahakoze amakosa akomeye, harimo no kugambanira igihugu. Icyo, ikizwi cyane muri urwo rwego, ni ikibazo cy’umuntu ushakishwa, uregwaho genocide witwa Félicien Kabuga. Bikaba byaravuzwe cyane igihe yahungaga igihugu, ko mu by’ukuri yari ameze nk’ushaka kumvikana na Kabuga ndetse n’aba n’umuryango we, birimo, no gutanga amafaranga, kwakira amafaranga, ashakisha uburyo yagerageza kumukuraho cyangwa se, sinzi ko icyaha cya génocide ari we ukigukuraho ariko ni nko kugerageza kumufasha kuva muri ibyo bibazo.
 
Umunyamakuru : Cyangwa kudafatwa
 
Ministre : Cyangwa kudafatwa kuko arashakishwa hashize imyaka myinshi cyane. Mbese ni nk’ubwumvikane yaba yaragiranye ku bijyanye n’umuntu uzwi neza ho, ndetse n’ibihugu by’amahanga biramushakisha kuko muzi neza ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zanatanze, zashyizeho amafaranga miliyoni 5 z’amadolari ku muntu wabafasha kubona uwo mugabo. Murumva rero mu kazi umuntu ushinzwe iperereza waba yinjiye mu kintu nk’icyo, akava mu kazi mu gihugu, ni icyaha gikomeye cyane. Ikindi ni uko uyu mugabo Karegeya, ni umuntu ahangaha ndifuza ko abatwumva basobanukirwa neza. Iyo umuntu ahagurutse akavuga y’uko agiye kurwanya akoresheje uburyo bushoboka bwose cyane cyane harimo guteza imvururu mu gihugu, gukoresha amahane no kwica abantu. Ibyo yarabyivugiye, ibyo yarabyivugiye. Yavuze y’uko ahagurutse agiye kurwanya igihugu. Igihugu na cyo kigomba kumurwanya. Ni ko bimeze. Ntabwo ushobora kwibaza ngo ndahagurutse, ndanabivuze ku maradiyo hirya no hino ndetse mbishyize no mu bikorwa, ngiye gukora ku buryo iki gihugu ngiteza imvururu kitazikuramo nkoreshe ibishoboka byose kugira ngo n’ubuyobozi bw’iki gihugu buveho kandi buveho nabi mu buryo bw’intambara. Urumva rero iyo umuntu avuze ikintu nk’icyo, ubwongubwo aba yiyemeje kuba umwanzi w’igihugu, ko agiye kukirwanya, ayo ni amagambo yivugiye.
 
Umunyamakuru : Ibyo ari byose birumvikana ko agiye guhangana.
 
Ministre : Ndizera ko abantu benshi bumva ko aba yiyemeje ko agiye guhangana. Hari ukuntu rero muri aya makuru amaze iminsi usanga harimo ikintu cyo ku.., cyane cyane bamwe mu banyarwanda bari mu mahanga benshi bamaze iminsi babivugaho ariko n’itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga hirya no hino ; ni nk’aho umuntu azahaguruka akavuga ngo nje gusenya u Rwanda ariko u Rwanda rwo nk’igihugu, rukamutegera amaboko, rukamwakira. Ntago bishoboka. Wiyemeje kurwanya igihugu, igihugu kirakurwanya. Ndashaka no kubibutsa neza ko wabajije ikibazo kiri cyo. Ariko ubundi uyu muntu ni muntu ki ? Ni nk’aho abantu bakangutse bakavuga ngo hari umunyarwanda wiciwe muri Afurika y’epfo. Uyu mugabo yari umugabo mubi cyane. Mu bijyanye no ku…, iyo migambi ye ni yo yari yaravuze yo kurwanya igihugu. Mu minsi ishize byaravuzwe mu itangazamakuru ariko ni byo, njyewe ndabyemeza nk’umuvugizi wa Leta kandi nk’umuntu ukurikirana iby’abanzi b’igihugu bakorera hanze mu mahanga. Kuba umuntu w’umunyarwanda, icyaba cyaramukuye mu gihugu cyose, yiyemeza gukorana n’interahamwe, agafatanya na zo, akaziha uburyo bwo gutuma zaza hano mu gihugu ; byarabaye, inshuro nyinshi cyane, FDLR igatera grenades hano mu gihugu, ikica abana b’abanyarwanda, sinzi niba mwibuka umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 16 wishwe na grenade hano mu gihugu !! Ni rero byiza ko abantu batandukanya umuntu n’igihugu. Iyo ukurikiranye igihugu ukakigirira nabi, uba ugirira nabi abenegihugu. Icyo kintu rero ndizera yuko gisobanuka cyane.
 
Umunyamakuru : Ariko ushobora kutubwira, ni ukuvuga ko Leta yatangiye guhangana n’uwo mugabo Karegeya ? Uwo mwariho muhangana na we ? Ni ukukubaza kuko iyo mubivuze gutya, ni ukuvuga ko se ari Leta y’u Rwanda yagiye kumutera hariya yo hepfo ?
 
Ministre : Urumva, ntabwo twebwe u Rwanda dushinzwe ibiba ku bantu bari mu bindi bihugu, ibyo ntibitureba. Igihe habaye ikibazo mu gihugu hano, dufite inzego zibishinzwe turabikurikirana. Ariko icyo nshaka gusobanura nta n’ubwo, nta n’ingufu tubishyizemo kuko ntabwo, uyu ni umuntu wari wariyemeje kurwanya igihugu cyacu. Ntabwo rero, kuko iyo usoma itangazamakuru cyane cyane itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, hari n’ikintu ndetse navuga y’uko ari ugusuzugura abanyafurika n’ubwoko bw’abirabura kuko kuvuga ngo uyu muntu ntabwo yari yishimiye ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda, arapfuye ubwo ubuyobozi ni bwo bwamishe. Ibyo ni ibintu usanga bijya muri ya mitekerereze yo kuvuga ko muri Afurika abayobozi bose ni abicanyi, umuntu wese urwanyije ubuyobozi muri Afurika ni we uba ufite ukuri abandi baba bari mu makosa. Ibyo na byo ni ikintu abanyarwanda bakwiye kwitondera cyane. Kuko ntabwo kurwanya Leta bihita bikugira umutagatifu cyangwa se umuntu w’umwere. Ntabwo ari uko bikwiye kumera. Ikindi, niba umuntu apfuye, ubundi turizera ko itangazamakuru, nk’uko abakora iperereza babigenza bashakisha icyaba gishobora kuba, ari mu buzima bwe, ari mu mibereho ye, ari mu nshuti ze, aho kumwica byaba byaturutse. Ariko ikintu cyo kuvuga ugahita usimbuka ngo u Rwanda rwaramushakishije, yaciriwe imanza, yaciriwe imanza kubera amakosa yakoreye mu gihugu. Icyo kintu rero na cyo ni ikibazo kuko umuntu hashize igihe nk’uko nabivugaga yisobanurira we uko yifuza gusenya kino gihugu, avuga y’uko afite abandi bafatanyije muri parti, iyo parti twe ntituyizi kuko ntabwo mu Rwanda ntihaba, ntabwo ari parti twavuga ngo iba hano mu gihugu, ikora itya. Tuyumva gutyo hirya no hino mu mahanga ntabwo ikorera mu Rwanda. Abakurikirana bazanareba ndetse bitegereze barebe ukuntu iyo groupe y’abo banyarwanda b’abagizi ba nabi baba mu mahanga, ubundi bo babanye bate ? Kuko byagiye binagaragara no ku zindi, abandi biyita ko bafite amaparti arwanya Leta y’u Rwanda n’ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda, bafitemo amakimbirane menshi cyane. Iyo ubikurikiranye inama zabo ziba ku mugaragaro harimo abantu benshi ; iyo ubikurikiranye usanga ari bantu bafitanye ibibazo bikomeye cyane na bo hagati yabo. Hari mbese n’ako kazi yakoze mu Rwanda. Hari kuba yaragiye muri icyo gihe cyose, ari muri izo deals ni ko navuga nk’icyongicyo nabasobanuriye cyabaye ikosa rikomeye mu kazi yakoraga hano mu Rwanda cyo gushaka kugira umwere umugenocidaire kugira ngo havemo amafaranga. Ibintu nk’ibyongibyo byose urabireba, uti : ariko uyu muntu ubundi, ni muntu ki ? Ni nde waba yifuza y’uko yamukuraho ku isi ? Kuvuga rero ngo umuntu ararwanya u Rwanda, u Rwanda ni rwo.., ibyo ni ibintu umuntu aganira mu kabari gutyo ntabwo ari ibintu bifatika bikwiye kuza mu itangazamakuru. Gushaka kutareba ikibazo cy’uko niba mukurikira neza muri abanyamakuru muzasanga ko abantu bafitanye ikibazo n’iyi Leta y’u Rwanda biyemeje ko buri kantu kose kabaye bagomba kukarega u Rwanda. Ubu nta kintu ino Leta itaregwa kibaho, bigaturuka mu bantu bamwe buri gihe. Abo bantu bafite inyungu zabo, bafite inyungu zabo. Umuntu arapfa mu bitaro, bati Leta y’u Rwanda yamwishe, umuntu yajya mu kabari yarwana yakomereka bati abakozi ba Leta y’u Rwanda ni bo bamukurikiranye. Ibyo rero na byo, abantu bajye basobanukirwa neza, ntabwo, nibaza ko ibikorwa by’iyi Leta biragaragara ntabwo abantu bakwiye kugwa muri uwo mutego habaye iki, abakozi ba Leta bakoze iki cyane cyane abanyarwanda benshi ari bafite kuba bifuza kwibera mu mahanga n’abafite amakosa akomeye bakoze hano mu gihugu, icyo kintu cy’uko umuntu ashobora guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu ariko akaba ari we ushaka kugaragara nk’umwere na byo ntabwo bisobanutse, ntabwo ari byo. Ibyo rero nka Leta y’u Rwanda ni uko tubibona.
Umunyamakuru : Ikindi kintu gitangaje, ni uko twumvise muri iyi minsi ko uretse umuryango we, hari abandi bantu bavuze ko bababajwe n’urupfu rwa Karegeya, abantu bitwa FDLR bigaragaza ko koko hari ukuntu bisa nk’aho nk’abageze kure mu gutera…
 
Ministre : Sinzi niba mu itangazamakuru mwarabivuze mukabiganiraho, ariko iyo FDLR yatanze n’itangazo ry’akababaro, ryo kwifatanya na we, rigaragaza ko yari umuntu w’intwari wabo. Mwumva se umuntu w’intwari ya FDLR mu Rwanda afite uwuhe mwanya ? Ku buryo Leta y’u Rwanda nisobanure. Afite aho ahagaze, afite ibyo yiyemeje. Urarwanya igihugu, igihugu kirakurwanya. Nta kundi bigomba kugenda.
 
Umunyamakuru : Ariko ubwo nyine mugashimangira y’uko yari umwanzi w’igihugu wapfuye, ariko mu gupfa kwe ntaho byari bihuriye na Leta y’u Rwanda.
 
Ministre : Leta y’u Rwanda, nta n’ubwo bitureba kuko ntiyapfiriye hano. Iyo aza gupfira hano mu Rwanda, hari inzego zibishinzwe. Inzego rero zishinzwe gukurikirana abapfa cyangwa se n‘andi makosa aba mu gihugu, biri mu gihugu arimo. Twebwe rero kutubaza ngo Leta y’u Rwanda, Leta y’u Rwanda ntabwo akazi kacu…
 
Umunyamakuru : Ibyo twumva ni abandi barega Leta y’u Rwanda. Mbese mu magambo yandi, ntabwo byari kuri gahunda yo kumwica, ntabwo byari muri za gahunda za Leta.
 
Ministre : Uretse, byaba kuri gahunda bitaba kuri gahunda icyo mvuga, ubundi se nka Leta njyewe undwanyije nabuzwa n’iki kukurwanya ?
 
Umunyamakuru : Ni byo.
 
Ministre : Yeee ! Uko yapfuye n’uwamwishe, ibyo igihugu arimo kirabikurikirana. Ariko njyewe nkurikirana nka Leta, njyewe nzatega amaboko nguhobere ? Nanjye ngomba kugukurikirana kuko ahangaha ni ho nabanje gusobanura ko Leta ni igihugu, ni ubuyobozi bw’igihugu n’abenegihugu. Ubu se abanyarwanda bo bapfuye muri izi grenades ziterwa hano aka gaco kabo karimo uyu mugabo wapfuye, bakorana mu buryo bugaragara buzwi, bufite inyandiko, bufite impapuro buzwi, ndetse nibaza ko na FDLR kuba imukorera itanga pole ikamukorera ikiriyo imushima nk’intwari ibyo byonyine birahagije kukwereka aho uyu mugabo yari ageze. Njyewe se nka Leta y’u Rwanda, byaba bindebaho iki yapfa yakira niba arwanya iki gihugu akarwanya abanyarwanda, akaba yashyigikira, agafasha mu buryo bufatika abantu baza muri iki gihugu kwica abanyarwanda. Ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda, bushinzwe kurinda abanyarwanda bari muri iki gihugu. Simbona impamvu natandukanya Mudacumura na Karegeya. Kuko Mudacumura ni umukuru w’interahamwe, arazwi, ari hariya muri Congo, arashakishwa ; uwo bakora ibikorwa bimeze kimwe kuki namufata mu bundi buryo ? Njyewe ahongaho ndizera ko cyane cyane abanyarwanda, itangazamakuru ryo rikunda ibintu nk’ibyo bidasobanutse birimo gushaka guhanganisha n’iki ariko kuba na none harimo ikintu cyo gu…kuko iyo ukomeje gusoma ano makuru, amakuru ni amwe barasubiramo ibintu bimwe bidafite aho biva n’aho bijya : Abanyafurika ni abicanyi, umuntu wese urwanyije Leta y’Afurika ni we uba ufite ukuri, ibyo ntabwo ari byo, ntabwo ari byo. Twebwe rero muri Leta y’u Rwanda ni uko tubibona.
 
Interview-Mushikiwabo-urupfu rwa Karegeya

Sunday, January 12, 2014

Paul Kagame's Iron Fist Could Rekindle Rwandan Civil War

By
US News World Report          
January 10, 2014

When the details of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide were revealed to the world, the horrifying and grizzly events of those 100 days shook the international forum. General Paul Kagame was revered as a hero for leading the Rwandan Patriotic Front to victory and ending the genocide, forcing more than 1 million Hutu refugees to flee the country. Among those refugees were approximately 50,000 Interahamwe militants who carried out the genocide, which cost the lives of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
Since then Kagame has served as the de facto leader of Rwanda, obtaining close powerful allies in the United States and the United Kingdom, using their guilt for failing to respond during the genocide to gain fervent support for the Kagame regime. Kagame has utilized this powerful backing to carry out two wars in the Democratic Republic of Congo, as well as countless support operations for rebel factions in Eastern Congo, most recently illegally backing the M23 rebellion. Only in the last six months has Kagame come under scrutiny from his powerful allies for supporting ongoing rebellions in the DRC and using this as a pretext to exploit the vast mineral wealth located in that region.
 
[See a collection of political cartoons on defense spending.]
 
Kagame has been given infinite credit for pulling Rwanda out of the ashes of the genocide and rebuilding the country. This credit is somewhat justified. However, behind the scenes is a leader and a regime that operates in a manner much closer to a criminal organization than a state. The reality of modern day Rwanda is that of a police state in which the minority Tutsi and their leader impose harsh sentences and oppression on anyone that contradicts the will of the government. Kagame has even ostracized former Tutsi allies, handing down 20 to 24-year sentences to four close cabinet members in 2011. He has also targeted the majority Hutu opposition, using the charge of denying genocide to imprison journalists and the opposition leader Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza after she questioned why the genocide memorials did not provide tributes to Hutus that died during the slaughter as well.
 
Now Kagame has begun to take things a step further with political assassinations. On New Year's Day, former Rwandan Spy Chief Colonel Patrick Karegeya was found strangled in the upscale Michelangelo Towers in Johannesburg, South Africa. A bloody towel and a curtain cord were found on the scene. Karegeya was once a Kagame ally in the Rwandan government, but fell out of favor when he spoke out against Kagame's tactics and was charged with insubordination. He was one of the four cabinet members given a lengthy sentence in 2011 in absentia. He fled to South Africa in 2007, where he was granted asylum. 
 
This is not the first time Kagame has allegedly attempted an assassination of a former colleague. Former Rwandan Army Chief of Staff General Kayumba Nyamwasa survived three assassination attempts in 2011. During the first attack, he was shot in the stomach and the next two attacks were foiled by the South African police shortly after as he recovered from the initial onslaught. Granted, both Karegeya and Nyamwasa were accused of a coup attempt against Kagame, but attacks on other states' sovereign soil is bold, even for the seemingly invincible Kagame.
 
[Check out 2013: The Year in Cartoons.]
 
In addition, Kagame and his cronies have been accused of a slew of assassinations and assassination attempts against journalists, former employees, doctors and priests, as well as former Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana, an event that sparked the genocide. Whether or not the extent of these accusations are true (a French report has cleared Kagame of the assassination of Habyarimana), the slaying of Karegeya and the attempts against Nyamwasa are indeed alarming and point to a pattern of political assassinations designed to strike fear in the opposition and maintain the stranglehold that Kagame's one-party system maintains.
 
2017 will be a very telling year for Rwanda as Kagame's second term will come to an end. He is not permitted to seek re-election under the constitution. However, this may not deter him from changing the constitution or ushering in a successor that will report to his authority even after he leaves office. In a state where the press is run by the government and the 2010 elections saw all three of Kagame's opponents either imprisoned or in exile, the strict dictatorial rule in Kigali shows all the signs of a continued authoritarian police state where the majority are oppressed and any competition is fervently put down. Couple this with the trend of assassinations of former Kagame confidantes and the outlook for Rwanda remains hazy.
 
Until the evils of the genocide can be put behind them and the country can find some semblance of harmony between ethnic groups, the nation as a whole is just one shot away from rekindling a bloody civil war that could see the horrors of the genocide resurface. For now, Kagame's Western allies must understand that running a country with an iron fist and attacking opponents like a criminal organization is exactly the opposite of the ideals that democracy is supposed to be built upon. Rwanda cannot be considered the darling of Africa until illegal murders and financed rebellions in neighboring countries are stopped. If nothing is done, then the next Rwandan Civil War will be on the hands of those that supported this behavior.
 
Daniel Donovan is a writer for the Foreign Policy Association and the executive director of the African Community Advancement Initiative. You can follow him on Twitter @DanielRDonovan or @ACAinitiative.
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Rwanda: Karegeya's assassination may speed up political change

"The assassination of a high-level figure within the RPF or in the opposition could provoke, on the one hand, a disproportionate security response from the RPF; or, on the other hand, a spontaneous popular uprising", Jennifer G. Cooke, CSIS, Director, Africa Program, June 2011 .
 


Excerpts from:
Rwanda: assessing risks to stability
By Jennifer G. Cooke
Center for Strategic & International Studies
Washington, DC.
 
 
=====================================================
 
Potential Scenarios
 
Rwanda’s history points to the potential for devastating levels of violence. A repeat of the circumstances of 1994, however, is unlikely. The genocide was meticulously planned, with arms, training, and a hierarchy of command established over several years. Today, the strength and pervasiveness of the RPF intelligence apparatus, as well as domestic and international vigilance, would almost certainly detect and preempt that level of organization. The international community is far more attuned today to Rwanda and to the consequences of inaction, and thus would, one hopes, intervene far more promptly for either crisis prevention or response. And though economic growth cannot prevent political conflict, it does give political elites―both those in power and those vying for it―a greater stake in peace.
 
In the coming decade, the RPF may well be able to maintain its pervasive and uncompromising grip on political discourse and competition within Rwanda. To do so, however, it will need to resort increasingly to coercive measures that in turn will fuel resentment and reinforce its own fragility. The hypothetical scenarios given here suggest potential trajectories that could drive a more open, and possibly violent, confrontation between the government and its opponents. The brittleness of the government will mean that once that confrontation takes place, it will be difficult to predict how it unfolds―a single confrontation might be easily tamped down, but might also become the opportunity for a venting of grievances and perceived injustices that so far have been suppressed. The scenarios are as follows:
 
 
■ A stalling of the government’s development program could provoke a more sustained opposition push for political opening. A profound economic shock could undermine the model of growth and social transformation on which the Rwandan government has staked its reputation and political legitimacy. Shocks might include a steep decline in a key commodity price, for example, coffee; a rise in fuel prices; a prolonged food crisis or drought; or a combination of several of these factors. A significant withdrawal of donor support could further reduce government service provision, and a reduction of direct budgetary support (the United Kingdom’s principal mode of assistance) could limit the government’s ability to make good on its growth strategy. Cumulative evidence of egregious human rights abuses or further allegations of planned political assassinations could drive a major rethinking among donors. It is unlikely that these factors would precipitate an immediate crisis, but their cumulative effect would be to embolden an opposition movement to press harder for reform and to take greater risks within Rwanda to precipitate change. Drawing on examples from the Middle East, North Africa, and neighboring Uganda, leading opposition figures might try to stage public protests in Kigali. In the midst of an economic crisis, protests might focus on food prices, wages, or government services. But they might also focus on the major social cleavages related to issues of exclusion and impunity, as noted above. Such protests might not be widely attended, but, as in Uganda, a disproportionate security response from the government could lead to escalation.
 
■ An unraveling of the current rapprochement between the DRC and the Rwandan government could raise fears in Kigali that the eastern DRC would become a base for Rwandan opposition forces. If the Rwandan government were to lack confidence in the DRC’s ability to adequately monitor and eliminate potential threats, Kigali would have little hesitation in intervening directly. A violation of the DRC’s sovereignty could reignite a cross-border conflict or, more likely, a return to proxy warfare in the eastern DRC. A sustained military campaign launched from the eastern DRC by opposition figures does not appear imminent, although Kigali has accused opposition figures of having links to militia groups there. However, within a 10-year time frame, if opposition forces are given no legitimate options to compete for political power, this possibility becomes more likely.
 
The assassination of a high-level figure within the RPF or in the opposition could provoke, on the one hand, a disproportionate security response from the RPF; or, on the other hand, a spontaneous popular uprising.
 
■ The question of who will succeed President Kagame-and when-will be a source of uncertainty and possible contention. The RPF’s power, decision making, public relations strategy, and legitimacy rest overwhelmingly with Kagame, and his departure would dramatically change how the regime is perceived. The elections in 2017 could be a moment for a significant political break. Kagame is constitutionally prohibited from running for a third term, although given the RPF’s control over the legislature and the legislature’s deference to him, a term extension is very plausible.
 
Constitutional changes of this kind are becoming less and less acceptable to African regional bodies and the international community. Forcing through such a change in Rwanda in 2017 could provoke a more sustained campaign by opposition leaders, particularly if backed by diplomatic support from African regional bodies or the international community. If Kagame were to step down, it is today hard to imagine that the RPF would countenance any election process that might entail their defeat. Opposition parties in the diaspora appear to be building toward a unified cross-ethnic platform and by 2017 may be adequately resourced and organized to present a real challenge in a free and fair election process. Rwanda’s last two elections do not bode well for its next one. There is some possibility―albeit slim―that President Kagame will be pushed out of office by elements within the RPF. That some of his most senior confidants have defected in recent years underscores this possibility―some of these former commanders may still enjoy the allegiance of a segment of the RPF or the military forces. Kagame is surely attuned to this possibility, and he has replaced these senior leaders with a younger set of loyalists without popular constituencies or alliances of their own, who are entirely beholden to him.
 
Conclusion
 
There are two competing narratives on Rwanda’s current trajectory. The first emphasizes the country’s promising economic growth, its stability, and the competence and vision of its leadership. The second, which is gaining adherents, stresses the government’s failure to open the political arena, the narrowing of its support base, and its continued willingness, 17 years after the genocide, to use often brutal tactics in silencing dissent. The government’s reluctance to open up to genuine competition is understandable on one level, but as time passes, this reluctance will in fact put Rwanda’s stability at greater risk. The danger is a vicious cycle in which RPF repression breeds resentment, mounting resentment imperils the RPF, and the RPF’s sense of vulnerability drives even greater levels of repression. If current trends persist, an opening of political space in Rwanda will become increasingly difficult for the RPF to countenance. The first step must be to build truly national institutions that are―in both perception and fact―genuinely independent of RPF control. If the ruling party chooses this route, its first priority should be the country’s judicial system. A credible, impartial judiciary will help adjudicate the inevitable political, social, and economic tensions that will arise as Rwandans chart their way forward.
 
In this situation, political competition and ambition are unavoidable. The question is whether they will be constrained within legitimate democratic institutions or be compelled, for lack of better options, to take a more disruptive and possibly violent course. There is nothing preordained in Rwanda’s future, but with current trends there should be cause for considerable concern.

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